Claire Dawson
Minnesota has a long history of state hospitals, with the first hospital for the insane, as it was then known, established in St. Peter in 1866. Over time, the state has opened and closed several hospitals, with a shift towards more community-based approaches to patient care and treatment. As of 2015, Minnesota had closed 10 out of 11 state mental hospitals, and it continues to pursue alternative methods of supporting those with mental illness. The state is home to several significant hospital sites, including the Fergus Falls State Hospital, listed under the National Register Criterion A for its commitment to providing humane treatment for the mentally ill.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Number of state-licensed hospitals in Minnesota | 130 |
| Year of licensing | 2019 |
| Number of beds in state-licensed hospitals | 16,140 |
| Number of federally licensed hospitals in Minnesota | 6 |
| Minnesota's oldest hospital | M Health Fairview's St. Joseph's Hospital in St. Paul |
| Year Minnesota's oldest hospital was opened | 1853 |
| Minnesota's largest hospital by number of beds | Mayo Clinic Hospital - Rochester |
| Number of beds in Minnesota's largest hospital | 2,014 |
| Year Minnesota's largest hospital was founded | 1864 |
| Minnesota's first hospital for the insane | St. Peter State Hospital |
| Year St. Peter State Hospital was opened | 1866 |
| Other names for St. Peter State Hospital | Minnesota Security Hospital, Third State Hospital for the Insane |
| Year St. Peter State Hospital closed | 1924 |
| Number of state mental hospitals closed in Minnesota | 10 out of 11 |
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What You'll Learn
Minnesota's first hospital for the insane
Minnesota's first hospital for the mentally unwell, as it was later termed, was established in St. Peter in 1866. Known then as St. Peter State Hospital, it was founded under the Kirkbride Plan. As the state's population grew, more hospitals were added, with some focusing on specific types of illnesses, disabilities, or age groups.
In 1907, the hospital was renamed the Minnesota Security Hospital/Asylum for the Dangerous Insane. This name change reflected a shift in focus to serving individuals deemed by the court as mentally ill and dangerous. The asylum officially opened on the campus of St. Peter Hospital in 1911, and its name was changed again in 1957 to the Minnesota Security Hospital (MSH).
The original St. Peter State Hospital closed in 1982, and in 1985, several state hospitals became regional treatment centers, offering outpatient services. Over time, Minnesota adopted a more community-based approach to caring for patients who had previously resided in large institutions. This shift resulted in the closure of many state hospitals and the development of smaller facilities that could provide a less institutional feel and qualify for federal funding under Medicaid.
As of 2015, Minnesota had closed 10 out of 11 state mental hospitals, with critics expressing concerns about patients potentially going without care. However, according to Sue Abderholden, executive director of the Minnesota chapter of the National Association on Mental Illness, most mentally ill Minnesotans are better off under the new system. The state has pursued alternative methods of assisting those with mental illness, such as offering crisis services in outpatient or short-term facilities.
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Regional treatment centres
In 1985, several state hospitals in Minnesota became regional treatment centres, offering outpatient services. Over time, many state hospitals closed, and the state adopted a more community-based approach to patient care. Minnesota has closed 10 out of 11 state mental hospitals, with the remaining hospitals offering a less institutional feel. The state has also pursued alternative methods of helping people with mental illness, such as providing crisis services in outpatient settings or short-term facilities.
One such regional treatment centre in Minnesota is the Northstar Behavioral Health Network, which provides services for individuals diagnosed with stimulant use disorder and opioid use disorder. They offer both inpatient and outpatient services, including residential care and outpatient programming. Their mental health services include individual, group, and family counselling.
Another example is the Sanford Health Behavioral Health Center in Thief River Falls, which offers dedicated staff, safe and clean facilities, and an atmosphere of fellowship. They create a plan tailored to each patient's needs and desires.
These regional treatment centres in Minnesota focus on providing client-centred care and meeting the unique needs of each individual, ensuring effective treatment experiences.
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Community-based approaches
Minnesota has adopted a more community-based approach to caring for and treating patients who were previously housed in large hospital facilities. This shift has resulted in the closure of many state hospitals, with only a few remaining in operation.
The Minnesota Association of Community Mental Health Programs (MACMHP) is a key example of this community-based approach. MACMHP is a statewide network of 35 community-based mental health programs that serve over 200,000 Minnesotans annually. Their mission is to provide mental and chemical health services to all who need them, regardless of insurance status or ability to pay. They cater to culturally diverse, low-income, uninsured, and public healthcare program participants who may struggle to access services elsewhere. MACMHP provides wrap-around and community-based services, offering coordinated and holistic care to complex and vulnerable patients.
In addition to MACMHP, Minnesota has pursued other community-based methods to support those with mental illness. For instance, the state now offers crisis services in outpatient settings or short-term facilities, providing a less institutional feel and qualifying for federal funding under Medicaid, which is typically unavailable for large mental hospitals. These smaller facilities have been praised for making a "huge difference" in mental healthcare delivery.
Overall, Minnesota's transition to a community-based model for mental healthcare has been generally well-received, with most mentally ill Minnesotans reported to be better off under the new system. However, critics highlight that the transformation has had its challenges, and access to services can still be difficult for some individuals.
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Minnesota Security Hospital
The Minnesota Security Hospital (MSH) is a secure psychiatric hospital in St. Peter, Minnesota. It was established as the St. Peter State Hospital in 1866 under the Kirkbride Plan, with the original goal of serving the mentally ill population considered dangerous or sexually aggressive. The hospital was originally called the "'Minnesota State Hospital for the Insane', but its name was changed to St. Peter State Hospital in 1893.
In 1907, the legislature authorised the establishment of an asylum for the dangerously insane, which would operate in conjunction with the St. Peter State Hospital. The asylum was completed in 1911, and in 1957, its name was changed to the Minnesota Security Hospital. The current MSH building opened in 1982, and the original hospital has since been demolished.
The Minnesota Security Hospital has a long and detailed history, with patient records dating back to the early 1900s. The hospital has also undergone several name changes and transfers of administrative control over the years. In 1985, several state hospitals in Minnesota became regional treatment centres, and many started offering outpatient services. This shift towards community-based care has resulted in the closure of many large mental hospitals in the state.
The Minnesota Security Hospital is still active today and serves individuals who have been committed by the court as mentally ill and dangerous. It is one of 130 state-licensed hospitals in Minnesota, with Mayo Clinic Hospital in Rochester being the largest in terms of staffed beds.
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St. Peter State Hospital
The establishment of the hospital was authorized by the Minnesota Legislature in 1866 to address the growing number of mentally ill people in jails. The site for the hospital was selected in July of the same year, and the first patients were accepted in December. The hospital was constructed on a 210-acre farm in St. Peter, purchased by the citizens for $7,000. The hospital soon became overcrowded, and the state built three other facilities to reduce the patient population.
In 1907, the legislature authorized the establishment of an asylum for the dangerous insane, to be operated in conjunction with the St. Peter State Hospital. This new institution, now known as the Minnesota Security Hospital, opened in 1911. By this time, St. Peter also had separate facilities for the care of the tubercular insane.
Today, the original St. Peter State Hospital building is mostly demolished, but the hospital is still active as the Minnesota Security Hospital. Some patient and employee records for the former St. Peter State Hospital can be viewed at the Minnesota Historical Society Library.
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Frequently asked questions
Yes, there are still state-licensed hospitals in Minnesota. In 2019, there were 130 state-licensed hospitals with 16,140 beds.
Some state hospitals in Minnesota include the Fergus Falls State Hospital, St. Peter State Hospital, Cambridge State Hospital, and Anoka State Hospital.
Minnesota established its first hospital for the insane, as it was then known, at St. Peter in 1866. As the population grew, several other hospitals were added, and some became regional treatment centers in 1985. Over time, several hospitals closed, and the state adopted a more community-based approach to patient care.
