Ethan Rhodes
The COVID-19 Omicron variant has resulted in the hospitalization of both vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals. However, studies suggest that vaccinated individuals are at a much lower risk of hospitalization and death from the virus. In Los Angeles County, for instance, hospitalization rates were lowest among those who had received a booster, followed by fully vaccinated individuals, and then the unvaccinated. Similarly, in Spain, the mortality rate among 70 to 80-year-olds was five times higher for the unvaccinated compared to the vaccinated. While Omicron can infect vaccinated individuals, vaccines still provide significant protection against severe illness, hospitalization, and death.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Vaccinated individuals hospitalized with Omicron | Yes |
| Vaccated individuals at risk of severe illness and hospitalization | Lower risk |
| Unvaccinated individuals hospitalized with Omicron | Yes |
| Unvaccinated individuals at risk of severe illness and hospitalization | Higher risk |
| Vaccinated individuals with reduced risk of hospitalization | Vaccinated with three doses of an mRNA vaccine |
| Vaccinated individuals with reduced risk of severe illness | Vaccinated with two doses |
| Vaccinated infants hospitalized with Omicron | Yes |
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What You'll Learn
- Vaccinated individuals are up to five times less likely to be hospitalized with Omicron
- Vaccines are less effective against Omicron infection but still protect against severe illness
- Unvaccinated people are more likely to be hospitalized with Omicron than vaccinated people
- Three vaccine doses have been shown to improve survival rates for Omicron patients
- Omicron patients are less likely to experience severe hypoxemia, regardless of vaccination status
Vaccinated individuals are up to five times less likely to be hospitalized with Omicron
While the Omicron variant of COVID-19 has proven capable of infecting vaccinated individuals, vaccination continues to provide strong protection against severe disease and hospitalisation. Vaccinated individuals are up to five times less likely to be hospitalised with Omicron, according to data from Spain and the UK.
In a study of Omicron patients in Copenhagen, those who had received three doses of an mRNA vaccine exhibited decreased disease severity and nearly 40% better survival rates at 30 and 60 days compared to patients infected with the Delta variant. While two doses of a COVID-19 vaccine may not prevent infection with Omicron, they do a lot of heavy lifting in keeping people out of hospitals and intensive care.
In Los Angeles County, researchers found that the rise in hospitalisations during the Omicron wave was most pronounced among unvaccinated persons. Hospitalisation rates among the unvaccinated were 23 times higher than those who were fully vaccinated and boosted, and 5.3 times higher compared to those who were fully vaccinated but not boosted. Similarly, in Catalonia, Spain, the mortality rate among individuals aged 70 to 80 was five times higher for the unvaccinated.
Vaccination is also important for protecting vulnerable populations, such as infants who are too young to be vaccinated. During the Omicron BA.5 wave, the CDC reported an increase in hospitalisations among infants younger than six months. The CDC and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommend COVID-19 vaccination for pregnant women, as this can provide protection for infants through the transfer of maternal antibodies. Two doses of the vaccine given during pregnancy are about 52% effective at preventing hospitalisation among infants younger than six months.
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Vaccines are less effective against Omicron infection but still protect against severe illness
While vaccines are less effective against Omicron infection, they still offer protection against severe illness. Vaccinated individuals are at a much lower risk of being hospitalized or dying from the virus. For instance, in Los Angeles County, the rise in hospitalization rates was most pronounced among unvaccinated persons, whereas hospitalization rates remained lower among those who were fully vaccinated and lowest among those who had received a booster. Similar trends were observed in Spain, where the mortality rate among individuals aged 70 to 80 was five times higher for the unvaccinated.
The effectiveness of two doses against symptomatic Omicron infections can drop significantly over time, and even after a booster shot, vaccine effectiveness against Omicron is partial. However, the vaccines still provide a significant level of protection. Studies have shown that the Omicron variant is associated with improved survival rates compared to the Delta variant, particularly for patients vaccinated with three doses of an mRNA vaccine. This highlights the importance of staying up to date with vaccinations to maintain protection against severe illness, hospitalization, and death.
While some vaccinated individuals may still be hospitalized with Omicron, the overall risk of severe illness and hospitalization is significantly reduced for those who are vaccinated. The vaccines continue to protect those who are fully vaccinated, particularly against severe disease. The protection offered by vaccines wanes over time, making it crucial for individuals to stay up to date with their vaccinations. The 2024-2025 COVID-19 vaccines are designed to provide better protection against currently circulating strains, including the Omicron variant.
Vaccination is especially important for pregnant mothers, as it can also protect infants who are too young to receive their own vaccinations. During the Omicron wave, unvaccinated infants were hospitalized more frequently than any age group other than the elderly. The CDC recommends COVID-19 vaccination for pregnant women or those trying to get pregnant, as it can provide protection for both the mother and the infant. Two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy can be effective in preventing hospitalization among infants younger than six months.
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Unvaccinated people are more likely to be hospitalized with Omicron than vaccinated people
The Omicron variant of COVID-19 has resulted in a surge of hospitalizations worldwide. While vaccinated individuals can also experience severe illness requiring hospitalization, data suggests that unvaccinated people are significantly more likely to be hospitalized with Omicron.
A study from Los Angeles County found that hospitalization rates among unvaccinated individuals were 23 times higher than those who were fully vaccinated and boosted when Omicron was the predominant variant. This difference decreased to 5.3 times when comparing unvaccinated individuals to those who were vaccinated but not boosted. Similarly, unvaccinated Los Angeles County residents were 12.3 times more likely to be hospitalized than those who were fully vaccinated and boosted, and 83 times more likely when compared to those fully vaccinated without a booster.
In Spain, partial data and analysis revealed that vaccinated individuals were at a much lower risk of hospitalization and death from Omicron. Specifically, Catalonia reported a mortality rate among unvaccinated individuals aged 70-80 that was five times higher than their vaccinated counterparts.
The Omicron variant has been found to cause less severe illness than previous variants, such as Delta. A study from Copenhagen, Denmark, showed that Omicron patients had a 40% higher 30- and 60-day survival rate compared to those with Delta. This improved survival was attributed to a larger proportion of Omicron patients being vaccinated with three doses of an mRNA vaccine, reducing the severity of the infection.
While vaccines may not completely prevent infection or hospitalization, they remain highly effective in reducing the risk of severe illness and death. The CDC recommends staying up to date with COVID-19 vaccinations, especially for those at higher risk, to protect against severe outcomes and reduce the strain on healthcare systems.
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Three vaccine doses have been shown to improve survival rates for Omicron patients
While the Omicron variant of COVID-19 has proven capable of infecting vaccinated individuals, vaccines are still highly effective in reducing severe illness and hospitalisation. Vaccinated individuals are at a much lower risk of being admitted to hospital or dying from the virus.
In a study of adults hospitalised due to COVID-19, the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant was associated with nearly 40% improved 30- and 60-day survival rates compared to patients hospitalised with the Delta variant. This was largely driven by a decreased disease severity observed in Omicron patients vaccinated with three doses of an mRNA vaccine. Similarly, in a study from the UK, the risk of death occurring 0–28 days after SARS-CoV-2 infection was substantially lower for Omicron than for Delta.
The data reaffirm the broader messaging from the CDC and other public health groups that although vaccines are less effective in preventing infection during the Omicron wave, the shots are still highly effective in reducing severe illness and hospitalisation. This is especially true for those who have received three vaccine doses.
For example, in Los Angeles County, the rise in hospitalisation rates was most pronounced among unvaccinated persons, whereas hospitalisation rates remained lower among those who were fully vaccinated and lowest among those who had received a booster. In fact, unvaccinated persons were 83 times more likely to be hospitalised than those who were fully vaccinated and boosted. Similarly, in Spain, the mortality rate among individuals aged 70 to 80 was five times higher for the unvaccinated.
Vaccination has also proven to be protective for infants, who are too young to receive the vaccine themselves. Two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine given to the mother during pregnancy are about 52% effective at preventing hospitalisation among infants younger than six months. This is due to the transfer of protective antibodies from the mother to the fetus during pregnancy.
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Omicron patients are less likely to experience severe hypoxemia, regardless of vaccination status
The Omicron variant of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes COVID-19, has been found to be more transmissible and resistant to vaccine neutralization than previous variants. Despite this, studies have shown that the Omicron variant is associated with less severe illness and a lower risk of severe hypoxemia, regardless of vaccination status.
A study comparing the Omicron and Delta variants found that Omicron patients had a lower risk of severe hypoxemia, regardless of whether they had been vaccinated. This study also found that the risk of death was similar for unvaccinated patients and those who had received fewer than three doses, while three doses of an mRNA vaccine were associated with a nearly 40% improved survival rate compared to patients hospitalized with the Delta variant.
Another study by Cedars-Sinai and the CDC found that vaccinated adults hospitalized with COVID-19 during the Omicron surge had less severe illness compared to unvaccinated adults and were less likely to require intensive care and invasive mechanical ventilation. This study also showed that the addition of a booster dose was particularly important in reducing the severity of illness, with unvaccinated patients at a higher risk of developing respiratory failure.
The Omicron variant has been found to chip away at the immunity provided by vaccines, but vaccination, including booster doses, remains critical for mitigating the risk of severe illness and reducing the consequences of COVID-19. While the vaccines may not prevent all hospitalizations, they do provide protection against severe illness, hospitalization, and death.
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Frequently asked questions
Yes, some people who have received two or three doses of the vaccine are being hospitalized with Omicron. However, the vaccines do offer protection against severe illness and hospitalization.
Hospitalization rates among unvaccinated persons were 23 times higher than those who were fully vaccinated and boosted in areas where the Omicron variant was predominant. This difference dipped to 5.3 times when comparing unvaccinated persons to those who were vaccinated but not boosted.
Yes, infants too young for vaccination were hospitalized with Omicron more frequently than any age group other than the elderly. However, the surge in hospitalizations among young infants was not associated with increased severity, and the length of hospital stay was lower.
The vaccines are proving highly effective in protecting against severe infection and hospitalization. However, the effectiveness of two doses against symptomatic infections can drop to almost zero after six months, and even after a booster shot, vaccine effectiveness against Omicron is partial, with rates of 40-60%.
Yes, the vaccines have been shown to reduce the severity of Omicron infections. In a study of hospitalized adults with Omicron, those who had received three doses of an mRNA vaccine had a nearly 40% improved 30- and 60-day survival rate compared to patients with the Delta variant.
