Hailey Tran
Bangladesh has an extensive healthcare network, with a variety of public and private institutions providing medical services to the population. The country's healthcare infrastructure is divided into three levels, with medical universities, medical college hospitals, and specialty hospitals at the tertiary level, district hospitals at the secondary level, and Upazila health complexes and community clinics at the primary level. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there were around 5,146 hospitals in Bangladesh in 2021, including both public and private institutions. This number includes 3,976 public healthcare facilities and 975 private hospitals or clinics. The availability of hospitals has played a crucial role in improving healthcare outcomes and addressing the healthcare needs of the Bangladeshi population.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Number of hospitals | 5,146 (as of 2021) |
| Number of healthcare facilities in the public sector | 3,976 |
| Number of privately-run hospitals/clinics | 975 |
| Percentage of treatment-seekers using government services | 13% |
| Percentage of treatment-seekers using private/NGO services | 27% |
| Percentage of treatment-seekers using unqualified services | 60% |
| Percentage of modern contraceptive users sourcing from government providers (2014) | 48.7% |
| Percentage of modern contraceptive users sourcing from NGO providers (2014) | 4.4% |
| Percentage of modern contraceptive users sourcing from private sector providers (2014) | 46.5% |
| Number of hospital beds per 10,000 people | 3 |
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What You'll Learn
- Bangladesh has approximately 5,146 hospitals, according to the WHO
- There are 3,976 public healthcare facilities and 975 private hospitals/clinics
- The country's healthcare network covers both rural and urban areas
- The government has implemented initiatives to enhance hospital quality and patient safety
- Private hospitals are perceived to be more expensive than public hospitals
Bangladesh has approximately 5,146 hospitals, according to the WHO
Bangladesh has approximately 5,146 hospitals, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). This includes both public and private institutions. The healthcare infrastructure in Bangladesh is extensive, with a focus on ensuring equitable access to healthcare services for all its residents. The healthcare facilities can be categorised into three levels: tertiary, secondary, and primary.
The tertiary level includes medical universities, medical college hospitals, and specialty hospitals. The secondary level comprises district hospitals, maternal and child welfare centres, and Upazila health complexes. The primary level consists of union health and family welfare centres, as well as community clinics, which are the lowest-level healthcare facilities. Bangladesh's healthcare system is pluralistic, with community-level and facility-based services provided by both the public and private sectors.
The public sector has 3,976 healthcare facilities, while there are 975 privately-run hospitals and clinics. However, the utilisation of public healthcare services is relatively low, with only 13% of treatment-seekers using government services, compared to 27% opting for private or NGO services. This has resulted in an uneven distribution of demand, causing significant pressure on the few reputable public hospitals.
To address this imbalance and improve healthcare access, the government has implemented initiatives to enhance hospital quality and patient safety. The National Health Policy 2011, for example, aims to ensure primary and emergency healthcare for all, promote equitable and quality healthcare, and encourage preventive healthcare services. The overall goal is to achieve universal health coverage (UHC) by providing quality healthcare services to all citizens.
Bangladesh has made significant progress in expanding access to hospital facilities, and the availability of hospitals has contributed to improving healthcare outcomes for the Bangladeshi population.
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There are 3,976 public healthcare facilities and 975 private hospitals/clinics
Bangladesh has a pluralistic healthcare system, with a mix of public and private sector providers. There are 3,976 public healthcare facilities and 975 private hospitals or clinics. This extensive network of health services ensures that every resident of Bangladesh has access to healthcare.
The healthcare infrastructure in Bangladesh is divided into three levels: tertiary, secondary, and primary. Tertiary-level healthcare includes medical universities, medical college hospitals, and specialty hospitals. District hospitals, maternal and child welfare centres are categorised as secondary-level healthcare providers. Upazila health complexes, union health and family welfare centres, and community clinics are primary-level healthcare providers.
The public healthcare sector in Bangladesh faces challenges due to a low utilisation rate. According to a survey, only 13% of treatment-seekers use government services, while 27% opt for private or NGO services, and a concerning 60% rely on unqualified services. This uneven distribution of demand creates pressure on the reputable public hospitals.
On the other hand, the private healthcare sector in Bangladesh has grown significantly, outpacing the public sector in both service delivery and education. However, the private sector faces concerns about the cost and quality of care. Bangladeshi patients perceive the cost of private hospitals to be significantly higher than that of public hospitals. As a result, the high cost of private healthcare may not be accessible to a large portion of the population in need.
To address these challenges, the Government of Bangladesh is exploring private-public cooperation. They are working to improve access to specialist services and enhance the quality of healthcare across the country.
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The country's healthcare network covers both rural and urban areas
Bangladesh has an extensive healthcare network, with approximately 5,146 hospitals and healthcare facilities, according to the World Health Organization's 2021 data. This network covers both rural and urban areas, ensuring that healthcare services are accessible to as many people as possible.
However, there are disparities in the availability and quality of healthcare between rural and urban regions. More than 66% of Bangladeshis live in rural areas, and they often face challenges in accessing uninterrupted healthcare services. These areas frequently lack qualified healthcare professionals, making it difficult for residents to receive timely and necessary medical attention.
To address these inequalities, initiatives like the Surjer Hashi Network, funded by USAID, have been established. The network comprises hundreds of health facilities, including 399 clinics nationwide, that provide free or reduced-cost healthcare to underserved communities, with a particular focus on rural areas. This initiative has successfully prevented 2,000 maternal deaths and 10,000 child deaths within a five-year period.
The Gonoshasthya Kendra project is another example of an initiative aimed at providing affordable healthcare in rural Bangladesh. This project has established a network of rural healthcare units, offering medical services at low prices, thereby breaking the cycle of poverty and poor health.
Digital health is also seen as a potential solution to bridge the rural-urban divide in healthcare. It can provide remote access to diagnosis, counselling, and monitoring, as well as educate rural communities about health promotion and disease prevention. However, the success of digital health initiatives relies on improving digital literacy and skills among healthcare workers and patients, requiring policy-level interventions and evaluations.
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The government has implemented initiatives to enhance hospital quality and patient safety
Bangladesh has approximately 5,146 hospitals, including both public and private institutions. This extensive network of health services includes medical universities, medical college hospitals, specialty hospitals, district hospitals, maternal and child welfare centres, upazila health complexes, union health and family welfare centres, and community clinics.
The government has implemented several initiatives to enhance hospital quality and patient safety. Here are some key examples:
Initiatives for Maternal and Child Health
The HPSP (MOHFW, 1998) outlines seven strategies to improve maternal health at the national level. These strategies include a focus on emergency obstetric care, the provision of essential obstetric and basic maternity care services, addressing the needs of women through a woman-friendly hospital initiative, promoting innovation, and more. These initiatives aim to reduce maternal mortality and improve overall maternal and child health outcomes.
Community-Based Healthcare
In 1998, with technical support from the World Health Organization (WHO), the Government of Bangladesh introduced community-based healthcare through community clinics. These clinics provide one-stop primary healthcare services to rural communities, meeting their unique needs. They play a crucial role in preventing infectious diseases, screening for hypertension and diabetes, and promoting health in hard-to-reach areas, especially for maternal and neonatal health, immunization, and nutrition.
World Patient Safety Day Initiatives
The Government of Bangladesh, with support from WHO, has prioritized patient safety through the Global Patient Safety Action Plan 2021-2030. They have also developed the Bangladesh National Health Care Quality Strategy, focusing on enhancing equitable quality healthcare and accessibility. Additionally, health facilities assessments have been launched to improve the quality of patient care at different levels of health facilities.
Private-Public Cooperation
The Government of Bangladesh has explored private-public cooperation to improve healthcare services. While the perceived cost of private healthcare is often higher, outsourcing specific services to the private sector can ensure efficient management and maintain a focus on quality.
Nutrition Management
Recognizing the importance of nutrition in patient safety, the National Nutrition Services, with WHO support, developed nutritional management guidelines to treat COVID-19 patients. Proper nutrition management is vital in enhancing immune responses, especially in those suffering from viral infections.
These initiatives demonstrate the Government of Bangladesh's commitment to enhancing hospital quality and patient safety, ensuring that all citizens have access to essential healthcare services.
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Private hospitals are perceived to be more expensive than public hospitals
Bangladesh has a comprehensive healthcare network, with around 5,146 hospitals, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) data from 2021. This includes both public and private hospitals, with 3,976 public hospitals and 975 private hospitals or clinics. Despite this extensive network, there is concern about the quality of healthcare services, with a particular focus on the cost of private hospitals.
Several factors contribute to the higher costs of private hospitals. Firstly, private hospitals in Bangladesh often cater to a higher-income population, which leads to higher average monthly incomes among their patients. Secondly, private hospitals have to maintain higher service quality across various dimensions, including the service of physicians, nurses, and drug management. This increased focus on quality comes at a price, and patients perceive this as a more expensive option.
Additionally, the total cost of outpatient treatment for illness was found to be higher in the public sector compared to the private sector in Bangladesh. This is due to the high indirect costs associated with public hospitals, such as wage losses from long waiting times and informal payments to expedite treatment. However, it is important to note that the overall use of public healthcare services in Bangladesh is low, with only 13% of treatment-seekers using government services, which creates an uneven distribution of demand and pressure on reputable public hospitals.
The government of Bangladesh has considered private-public cooperation in healthcare, and studies have confirmed the potential for contracting out some public healthcare services to the private sector. This could ensure efficient management and maintain a quality focus in the healthcare sector. However, it is essential to address the issue of cost to make healthcare accessible to all, especially in a low-income country like Bangladesh, where the financial burden of healthcare is significant for most citizens.
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Frequently asked questions
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there were approximately 5,146 hospitals in Bangladesh as of 2021.
This number includes both public and private hospitals.
The healthcare infrastructure in Bangladesh can be divided into three levels: tertiary, secondary, and primary. Tertiary-level healthcare includes medical universities, medical college hospitals, and specialty hospitals. The secondary level comprises district hospitals and maternal and child welfare centers. The primary level includes Upazila health complexes, union health and family welfare centers, and community clinics.
The government of Bangladesh has implemented various initiatives to enhance hospital quality and promote patient safety. They are also working to improve access to specialist services by partnering with private sector hospitals. Additionally, the National Health Policy 2011 aims to ensure universal health coverage by providing quality healthcare services to all citizens.
Some challenges include a shortage of beds and staff during outbreaks, such as the dengue outbreak in 2017. There are also concerns about the quality of healthcare services, especially in public hospitals, and the uneven distribution of demand, which creates pressure on reputable public hospitals.
