Hailey Tran
Vaccines have been a key tool in the fight against COVID-19, with studies showing that between 2020 and 2024, they saved 2.5 million lives globally. While vaccines do not offer absolute protection against the virus, they do provide significant protection against severe illness, hospitalisation, and death. This raises the question: how many people end up in the hospital after receiving two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine?
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Effectiveness of two Pfizer jabs | Reduces symptomatic disease by 85-95%, hospitalisation by 90-99%, death by 95-99%, and infection by 70-90% |
| Effectiveness of two Oxford/AstraZeneca jabs | Reduces symptomatic disease by 70-85%, hospitalisation by 80-99%, death by 75-99%, and infection by 65-90% |
| Effectiveness of two Moderna jabs | Only 2 out of 417 people who received the second dose were found to have contracted Covid |
| Effectiveness of two jabs (unspecified) | Data shows that fully-vaccinated people are far less likely to require hospital treatment or die |
| Effectiveness of two Pfizer jabs for long Covid | Dramatically reduces most of the long-term symptoms reported months after contracting Covid-19 |
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What You'll Learn
COVID-19 vaccines are safe and effective
Millions of people in the United States have received COVID-19 vaccines since they were approved for emergency use by the FDA. COVID-19 vaccination reduces the risk of COVID-19 and its potentially severe complications. Compared to fully vaccinated people, unvaccinated people have a 6.1 times greater risk of testing positive for COVID-19.
Vaccines have been shown to trigger a more potent neutralizing antibody response than even that seen in patients recovering from COVID-19. While the vaccines may cause some temporary discomfort, such as a sore arm, tiredness, headache, muscle pain, chills, joint pain, fever, injection site swelling, injection site redness, nausea, feeling unwell, and swollen lymph nodes, these side effects are mild to moderate and typically last up to 28 days after vaccination.
Between 2020 and 2024, COVID-19 vaccines saved 2.5 million lives globally, preventing one death for every 5,400 doses. Vaccines dramatically reduce the risk of long-term effects of COVID-19. A study found that receiving two doses of the Pfizer vaccine reduced most of the long-term symptoms reported months after contracting COVID-19.
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Vaccines reduce risk of severe illness
Vaccines have been one of the most significant inventions in the history of medicine, saving countless lives and preventing millions of hospitalizations. Routine vaccinations for children born between 1994 and 2023, for instance, are projected to have prevented around 508 million illnesses, 32 million hospitalizations, and saved over 1.1 million lives.
The COVID-19 vaccines, in particular, have played a crucial role in mitigating the impact of the virus. They have been proven to be safe and effective in preventing serious illness, hospitalization, and death. The vaccines teach the immune system to recognize and fight the virus, thereby lessening the severity of the disease. This is especially important for individuals who are at high risk for severe COVID-19, including the elderly and those with underlying medical conditions.
While natural immunity to COVID-19 does provide some protection, studies show that it weakens faster than vaccine-acquired immunity and comes with greater risks. The 2024-2025 COVID-19 vaccine is designed to target newer variants of the virus, making it essential for those who are vulnerable or at high risk. The CDC recommends this updated vaccine for everyone aged 5 and older, with one shot for most people and additional doses for those who are immunocompromised or under the age of 4.
It is worth noting that vaccine protection decreases over time, and the virus continues to evolve. Therefore, staying up to date with the recommended vaccines is crucial to ensuring ongoing protection against severe illness and hospitalization. This is true not only for COVID-19 but also for other diseases where vaccination rates are declining, such as measles and pertussis. As vaccination rates decline, the risk of these diseases returning and impacting vulnerable individuals increases. Thus, it is essential to maintain high vaccination coverage to protect both individuals and communities.
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Vaccines reduce risk of hospitalisation
Vaccines are safe for the overwhelming majority of people who take them. Studies show that the COVID-19 vaccine is very effective at preventing serious illness, hospitalisation, and death. The vaccine helps lessen the severity of COVID-19 by teaching the immune system to recognise and fight the virus.
Millions of people have received the vaccines, and the CDC continues to monitor their safety and effectiveness, as well as rare adverse events. The vaccines are updated periodically to help fight the disease and give the best protection from the currently circulating strains.
The 2024–2025 COVID-19 vaccine is especially important for those who are ages 65 and older, are at high risk for severe COVID-19, or have never received a COVID-19 vaccine. It is also important to note that vaccine protection decreases over time, so staying up to date with the recommended vaccines is crucial.
In addition to preventing severe illness, hospitalisation, and death, vaccination may also help reduce the risk of significant long-term effects, such as "long COVID". A literature review by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) found that COVID-19 vaccination reduced the risk of developing long COVID by approximately 27% in adults fully vaccinated before infection.
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Vaccines reduce risk of death
Vaccines are safe and highly effective at reducing the risk of severe illness and death. Vaccines teach our immune systems to recognise and fight the virus, lessening the severity of the disease. Studies show that COVID-19 vaccines are most effective during the first three months after vaccination, and protection decreases over time, so it's important to stay up to date with the latest vaccine recommendations.
The CDC and various studies have found that COVID-19 vaccines reduce the risk of all-cause mortality. Analyses comparing death rates among vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals indicate that vaccines reduce the risk of death. For example, a US study of 6.4 million vaccinated and 4.6 million unvaccinated people found that those who received any of the COVID-19 vaccines authorised in the US (Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, and Johnson & Johnson) were up to three times less likely to die from any cause than those who didn't receive the vaccine.
Furthermore, scientists from the CDC found that the US COVID-19 vaccination programme reduced the expected death rate by up to 58%. Their computer models estimated that vaccines prevented 235,000 COVID deaths in the US between December 2020 and September 2021. Another study found that vaccination prevented 34% of all expected deaths among adults during the same period, including 154,000 deaths among those 65 and older.
While there have been concerns about the safety of vaccines, the scientific evidence overwhelmingly shows that COVID-19 vaccines are safe for the vast majority of people. Claims that vaccines are linked to sudden deaths, especially in young people, are based on flawed analyses and are unsupported by scientific evidence. The benefits of COVID-19 vaccines in preventing severe illness, hospitalisation, and death greatly outweigh the rare risks of adverse events.
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Vaccines reduce risk of infection
Vaccines are one of the best ways to protect yourself from serious diseases. Research shows that vaccinations for children born between 1994 and 2023 will have prevented about 508 million illnesses, 32 million hospitalizations, and saved over 1.1 million lives.
COVID-19 vaccines are no different. They are safe and effective at preventing serious illness, hospitalization, and death. The vaccines teach the immune system to recognize and fight the virus, reducing the severity of the disease. The 2024-25 COVID-19 vaccines are updated to better protect against newer variants of the virus. While vaccine protection decreases over time, the 2024-25 COVID-19 vaccine is recommended for most adults, especially those at high risk or who have never been vaccinated.
Multiple studies show that COVID-19 vaccines protect against severe illness and death. They also reduce the likelihood of infection, although they are less effective against the highly transmissible Omicron subvariants. Claims that vaccines increase the risk of infection are false and misleading. For example, a preprint by Kaiser Permanente was misrepresented to show that each dose of the Moderna vaccine made people more prone to infection. On the contrary, the preprint showed that the vaccine reduced the risk of infection and hospitalization.
While the COVID-19 vaccines carry a risk of rare side effects, these have been overblown by conspiracy theorists. An analysis by MailOnline found that only 75 Brits had been killed by complications from the vaccines, compared to almost 220,000 deaths from the virus itself.
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Frequently asked questions
Two jabs of the Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine reduced hospitalisation by 80 to 99%. The Pfizer vaccines also dramatically reduce the long-term symptoms of Covid-19.
There is no specific data on the number of people hospitalised after two jabs. However, data shows that they are far less likely to get so sick that they require hospital treatment.
The 2024-25 Covid-19 vaccine is a one-shot vaccine for most people, and there is no booster this season. However, people who are immunocompromised or between 6 months and 4 years old may need more than one dose.
The Covid-19 vaccine lessens the severity of Covid-19 by teaching the immune system to recognise and fight the virus that causes the disease.
