Logan Reid
The number of people in hospitals in the UK has been a concern since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. During the national lockdown, daily hospital admissions peaked at 3,099 on April 1, 2020. The number of people in hospitals with COVID-19 was higher in October 2020 than when the lockdown was announced in March 2020. As of May 2021, more than 900 people were in the hospital with coronavirus in the UK, with more than 120 on ventilation. A study also suggests that up to 167,000 people may have caught COVID-19 in hospitals in England during the second wave of the pandemic.
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What You'll Learn
Covid hospital cases in the UK
Covid-19 hospital cases in the UK have been a concern since the pandemic began. During the early stages of the pandemic, the number of people on ventilators peaked at 2,881 on April 12, 2020. The North of the UK has been the worst-affected part of the country.
In October 2020, 401 patients were reported as being in mechanical ventilation beds, passing 400 for the first time since June 9. The number of people in hospital with the virus was higher in October than it had been when the first lockdown was announced in March.
In March 2021, there were 14,268 people in English hospitals with Covid-19, though only about half of these were being treated primarily for the virus. By September 2021, Public Health England data showed that unvaccinated people were up to five times more likely to be hospitalised with Covid-19 than those who had received two vaccine doses.
In September 2022, Covid-19 infections in the UK topped one million, with a 14% rise in people testing positive in the week up to September 20. There were 7,000 people in hospital in England with Covid-19 in the last week of September, a 37% increase on the week before. Hospital admissions with Covid-19 were running at around 900 per day, compared to roughly 2,000 per day in early July during the last surge of Omicron infections.
Health experts have warned of a potential flu and Covid-19 "twindemic" in the coming winter, urging those who qualify to get their free vaccines.
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Covid-19 patients in London
A study conducted in a major London hospital found that respiratory features such as respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and a history of respiratory disease were associated with severe Covid-19 disease outcomes. Additionally, certain non-respiratory factors, such as age, reduced GCS, and immunosuppression, were also identified as risk factors for severe disease. This study highlights the importance of early identification of high-risk patients to ensure timely treatment escalation and improved outcomes.
The high number of Covid-19 patients in London hospitals has had a significant impact on patient care. Hospitals have struggled to provide quality care for patients with other illnesses, such as cancer and heart disease, due to the focus on treating Covid-19 patients. This has resulted in concerns about patient safety and wellbeing, with calls for improved strategies to manage the situation.
To address the burden on London's hospitals, NHS England instructed regions outside the South and East to open up bed space in critical care units to accommodate patient transfers from London. This measure aimed to alleviate the pressure on London's healthcare system and ensure that Covid-19 patients across the country receive the necessary care.
Furthermore, a recent study by Oxford University revealed that a significant number of patients may have acquired Covid-19 infections during their hospital stays in England during the second wave. The study analysed data from 356 hospitals and found that hospital-acquired infections during this period were estimated to be between 95,000 and 167,000. These findings highlight the importance of reducing transmissions within hospitals to protect vulnerable patients and healthcare workers.
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Coronavirus patients in mechanical ventilation beds
During the early stages of the pandemic, the number of people on ventilators peaked at 2,881 on April 12, 2020. By August 7, 2020, the number of people on ventilators had decreased by more than 97% to 61.
On October 11, 2020, 401 patients were reported to be in mechanical ventilation beds, the first time the number had gone past 400 since June 9. Of these, 33% were in the North West, 25% in the North East and Yorkshire, 2% in the South East, and 2% in the South West. In the North East and Yorkshire, 99 patients were in ventilator beds on October 11, up from 52 a fortnight earlier.
A study of healthcare-related infections suggests that up to 167,000 people may have contracted coronavirus in hospitals in England during the second wave of the pandemic. Scientists who assessed Covid infections between June 2020 and March 2021 noted factors such as limited numbers of single rooms. They concluded that hospitals needed to be better equipped to limit the transmission of future viruses.
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Hospital-acquired Covid infections
As of May 2021, there were 908 Covid patients in hospital across the UK, with 124 on ventilation. This was a decrease from previous months, with 3,451 patients in hospital in October 2020, and 401 on ventilators.
The vast majority of people being hospitalised with Covid are unvaccinated. Unvaccinated people are up to five times more likely to be hospitalised with Covid than those who have been vaccinated. Official data has shown that admission rates for 60-69 year olds who had not been vaccinated were 94 per 100,000 people in August 2021, compared to 19.1 per 100,000 for those who had been vaccinated.
Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to hospitalised patients likely caused approximately a fifth of identified cases of hospitalised Covid in the "first wave" in England. It is estimated that 7% of hospitalised Covid patients acquired the infection in hospital. This equates to 15,900 people, or 20.1% of all identified hospitalised Covid cases.
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Vaccination status of hospitalised people
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on hospitalisations in the UK, with the number of people in the hospital peaking at different times during the pandemic. For instance, during the national lockdown in April 2020, daily admissions peaked at 3,099 on April 1, with 386,044 people tested and 124,743 positive cases.
A study by Oxford University researchers, led by Professor of Epidemiology Ben Cooper, analysed data from 356 hospitals in England during the second wave of the pandemic, between June 2020 and March 2021. The study found that up to 167,000 people may have contracted COVID-19 while in the hospital. This highlights the risk of hospital transmission and its potential impact on vulnerable patients, healthcare workers, and community transmission.
Vaccination status has played a crucial role in reducing the risk of hospitalisation and mortality due to COVID-19. A cohort study published in Nature Communications analysed trends in hospital outcomes for people hospitalised with COVID-19 in England until September 2021. The study found that the risks were significantly higher for unvaccinated individuals and those with multiple comorbidities. The hazard of hospitalised mortality was reduced to 0.71 with a first vaccine dose and further decreased to 0.56 with a second dose.
Additionally, hospital load has been a factor in mortality rates. During periods of peak load (90-100%), the hazard of hospitalised mortality was 1.23, compared to 0-20% of the busiest week. This indicates the demand on hospital resources and the relationship between hospital burden and outcomes. The study also noted that busier hospitals had higher mortality rates at the start of the pandemic, but this effect decreased over time.
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