Claire Dawson
Mayo Clinic Hospital, a nonprofit hospital system with campuses in Rochester, Minnesota, Jacksonville, Florida, and Scottsdale, Arizona, has been ranked the number one hospital in the United States for seven consecutive years by U.S. News & World Report's Best Hospitals Honor Roll. The hospital's history dates back to the early 1900s, when William Worrall Mayo settled in Rochester with his family and opened a medical practice. Over time, this practice evolved under the leadership of his sons, Will and Charlie Mayo, and their partners, into the renowned Mayo Clinic we know today.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Year founded | 1864 |
| Founder | Dr. William Worrall Mayo |
| Location | Rochester, Minnesota |
| Number of employees | 76,000 (as of 2022) |
| Number of physicians and scientists | 7,300+ |
| Number of administrative and allied health staff | 66,000+ |
| Number of research personnel | 3,000+ |
| Annual revenue | $12 billion |
| Number of patients (annually) | 1.3 million+ |
| Campuses | Minnesota, Arizona, Florida |
| International locations | London, United Arab Emirates |
| Specialty | Tertiary care and destination medicine |
| Reputation | Ranked No. 1 in the US for seven consecutive years |
| Innovations | Integrated, multi-specialty group practice of medicine, established the first hospital-based blood bank in the US, demonstrated the link between insulin and diabetes |
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What You'll Learn
Dr William Worrall Mayo's arrival in Rochester, Minnesota, in 1864
Dr William Worrall Mayo first came to America from England in 1846, initially settling in Le Sueur, Minnesota. In 1864, he moved his family to Rochester, Minnesota, a decision that was prompted by his appointment as examining surgeon of the Union Army draft enrollment board for the southern half of Minnesota, which was headquartered in the town. At the time, Dr Mayo was 44 years old, and he settled in Rochester with his wife Louise, their three daughters, and their first son, William James. Their second son, Charles, was born in 1865, at the end of the Civil War.
Dr Mayo quickly established a thriving medical practice in Rochester, and by the late 1860s, the town had become one of the fastest-growing cities in Minnesota. By 1870, Rochester's population had grown to over 3,900 residents. Dr Mayo was actively involved in the community, serving as mayor of Rochester and contributing to the city's civic affairs.
In 1883, a tornado struck Rochester, leading to a collaboration between the Sisters of St. Francis and Dr Mayo, who was joined in his practice by his sons, William James (Dr Will) and Charles Horace (Dr Charlie). This collaboration resulted in the founding of St. Mary's Hospital, which opened on September 30, 1889, with 27 beds and features designed to create a pleasant and homelike environment for patients.
Under the leadership of Dr Mayo and his sons, St. Mary's Hospital grew from a small community hospital into a leading surgical center. The Mayos' skill and reputation attracted other doctors to join their practice, and by 1904, they were operating on over 4,000 patients annually. Their practice continued to expand, and by the 1920s, Mayo Clinic had gained a worldwide reputation for its advanced medical diagnoses, quality care, and well-equipped modern hospitals.
Today, the Mayo Clinic is a renowned medical institution, known for its innovative, team-based approach to medicine, and its commitment to research, education, and patient-centric care.
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The opening of Saint Mary's Hospital in 1889
Saint Marys Hospital, originally called St. Mary’s Hospital, opened on 30 September 1889, with 27 beds and features designed to make patients feel "pleasant and homelike". The hospital was founded by the Sisters of St. Francis, in collaboration with Dr. William Worrall Mayo and his sons, William James (Dr. Will) and Charles Horace (Dr. Charlie).
The collaboration between the Sisters of St. Francis and the Mayo family began in 1883, when a tornado struck Rochester, Minnesota. Dr. William Worrall Mayo had settled in Rochester in 1864, and by the late 1860s, the city had become one of the fastest-growing in the state. By 1870, Rochester had a population of over 3,900 residents, and Dr. Mayo's medical practice was thriving.
Saint Marys Hospital was located about a mile west of the Mayo Clinic and served surgical patients. Over time, increased demand meant that the hospital could not accommodate all the patients. In 1901, the Mayo brothers hired Dr. Henry Plummer, who played a pivotal role in transforming the small group of independent practitioners into a collaborative practice. He developed a standardized patient medical record, which was a significant innovation in medicine at the time.
In 1907, a local business leader, John Kahler, opened a combined hotel-hospital in downtown Rochester, offering surgical and post-operative facilities, as well as amenities for family members and friends of the patients. This marked the beginning of a shift towards larger, more comprehensive medical facilities in the area.
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The Mayo brothers' expansion of the practice
The Mayo Clinic was founded by brothers Will and Charlie Mayo, sons of Dr William Worrall Mayo, who settled in Rochester, Minnesota, in 1864. The brothers expanded their father's sole proprietorship medical practice, introducing specialisms beyond surgery, including cardiology, and pioneering an integrated, team-based approach to medicine.
In 1889, Saint Marys Hospital opened in Rochester, about a mile west of Mayo Clinic, serving surgical patients. The Mayos' skill and reputation grew rapidly, and soon other doctors joined the practice. By 1904, the two doctors were operating on over 4,000 patients each year. In 1901, the brothers hired Dr Henry Plummer, who played a major role in transforming the practice. He developed a standardised patient medical record, which was a major innovation at the time, allowing physicians to share patient information more effectively.
In 1907, a combined hotel-hospital opened in downtown Rochester, with surgical and post-operative facilities, as well as amenities for family and friends of patients. The Mayo Clinic's reputation continued to grow, and by the 1920s it had become known worldwide. In 1919, the Mayo brothers donated the assets of the medical practice, including land, buildings, and equipment, as well as the majority of their life savings, to transform the private partnership into a not-for-profit organisation.
Following World War II, the Mayo Clinic continued to expand in Rochester, Minnesota, and in 1972, the Mayo Medical School (now the Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine) opened. In 1986, the Clinic, St Mary's Hospital, and the affiliated Rochester Methodist Hospital merged as an integrated centre of medicine. The Mayo Clinic has continued to expand, with campuses in Arizona and Florida, and international locations in London and Abu Dhabi.
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The introduction of the electrocardiograph in 1902
The Mayo Clinic was founded by Dr. William Worrall Mayo, who settled in Rochester, Minnesota, in 1864 with his family. The Mayo Clinic's roots can be traced back to the early 1900s, with the opening of Saint Marys Hospital in 1889, located near the Mayo Clinic.
However, the diffusion of this new technology was slow due to its high cost and cumbersome nature. Initially, many of the first electrocardiograph devices were utilised for animal research rather than patient care. For example, as late as 1913, there was only one electrocardiograph in Minnesota, located at the Elliott Memorial Hospital in Minneapolis.
Nevertheless, the Mayo Clinic recognised the potential of this innovation, and by that time, construction was already underway for the Mayo Clinic building in Rochester. The building's designer, Henry Plummer, M.D., incorporated space for an electrocardiograph in the facility's design. This proactive inclusion of space for emerging technology demonstrated the Mayo Clinic's forward-thinking approach and commitment to adopting innovative medical advancements.
The introduction of the electrocardiograph at the Mayo Clinic was a significant step in its journey to becoming a leading medical institution and a pioneer in cardiovascular care. It exemplified the organisation's dedication to exploring new technologies and improving patient care, solidifying its reputation as a centre of medical excellence.
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The opening of the Mayo Clinic Hospital in Phoenix, Arizona, in 1998
The Mayo Clinic is a nonprofit hospital system with campuses in Rochester, Minnesota, as well as in Scottsdale and Phoenix, Arizona, and Jacksonville, Florida. The Mayo Clinic was founded by two brothers, Will and Charlie Mayo, in the rural Midwest over a century ago. Their father, Dr. William Worrall Mayo, settled in Rochester in 1864 and opened a medical practice.
The Mayo Clinic Hospital in Phoenix, Arizona, opened its doors on September 12, 1998. The opening ceremony featured Barbara Bush, former First Lady and a member of the Board of Trustees, as the keynote speaker. Her speech highlighted the dedication and spirit that inspires the work of the Mayo team in Arizona, emphasising "medical excellence and human kindness."
The Mayo Clinic has a long history of innovation and a commitment to clinical practice, education, and research. It has been ranked number one in the United States for seven consecutive years in U.S. News & World Report's Best Hospitals Honor Roll. The clinic is known for its team-based approach to medicine, with close peer collaboration and salaried doctors. It has a diverse and inclusive culture, fostering teamwork, excellence, and mutual respect.
The Mayo Clinic's reputation has spread worldwide, attracting patients from around the globe. It is recognised as a leading institution in transplants, performing a high number of solid organ and hematologic transplants. Additionally, the clinic has been at the forefront of medical discoveries, including the development of an integrated, multi-specialty group practice of medicine, the establishment of the first hospital-based blood bank in the United States, and the demonstration of the link between insulin and diabetes.
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Frequently asked questions
Mayo Clinic was founded in 1889 by William Worrall Mayo and his sons, William J. and Charles H. Mayo.
The original Mayo Clinic is located in Rochester, Minnesota.
Mayo Clinic is the largest integrated, not-for-profit medical group practice in the world. It is known for its close peer collaboration, team approach to care, and salaried doctors. Mayo Clinic was also the first hospital to maintain standardized information on its patients, and it is a physician-led organization, which is fairly rare.
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