Greening Healthcare: Reducing Hospital Carbon Footprints

how to reduce carbon footprint of hospital

Hospitals produce large amounts of waste and greenhouse gas emissions, contributing significantly to global warming and climate change. The healthcare sector accounts for about 4-5% of global emissions, with the United States producing the greatest share of healthcare emissions. To reduce their carbon footprint, hospitals can adopt various strategies, such as switching to renewable energy sources, improving energy efficiency, reducing waste, encouraging active and public transportation, implementing circular practices, and investing in prevention and early diagnosis initiatives. These measures not only benefit the environment but also improve financial sustainability and patient care.

Characteristics Values
Reduce waste Cut down on 'biohazard' waste, recycle, and re-sterilize devices
Reduce energy use Use solar power, energy-efficient windows, and improve energy efficiency of medical equipment
Reduce travel emissions Encourage active transport, use of public transport, and car-sharing schemes
Reduce emissions from treatments Use less carbon-intensive treatments, such as sevoflurane instead of desflurane
Reduce emissions from procurement Adopt circular practices and use materials in a sustainable and low-carbon/carbon-free manner
Improve care pathways Focus on prevention, early detection, and precision diagnosis to reduce the need for complex carbon-intensive care

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Reduce waste and energy use

Hospitals produce large amounts of waste and consume a lot of energy, contributing significantly to their carbon footprint. To reduce waste and energy use, hospitals can implement a variety of measures:

Waste reduction

  • Operating theatres produce a large proportion of hospital waste. A lot of energy is required to dispose of 'biohazard' waste, so ensuring that only truly biohazard items are placed in these containers can reduce energy use.
  • Reusable containers can replace single-use containers for "sharps" (items with sharp points and edges like needles and syringes). The Ohio State University Medical Center has implemented this change, diverting 50 tons of plastic annually.
  • Identify where disposable materials can be replaced with recyclable or reusable alternatives.

Energy use reduction

  • Hospitals can encourage staff to walk, cycle, or use public transport by providing facilities such as secure cycle storage and shower/changing rooms. Car-sharing schemes and incentives for low-carbon car options can also reduce emissions from travel.
  • EcoDesign principles can be applied to medical equipment to increase energy efficiency and reduce emissions.
  • Switching to solar power and installing energy-efficient windows are high-impact projects that can help reduce a hospital's carbon footprint.
  • Using city-generated hot water, such as from a woodchip incinerator, can reduce energy use for heating buildings.
  • Using telehealth and digital tools can reduce the need for patient travel, lowering emissions.
  • Early detection and diagnosis can help lower emissions by reducing the need for more complex, carbon-intensive care later.

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Reform care pathways

Reforming care pathways is a crucial aspect of reducing the carbon footprint of hospitals. Here are some strategies to achieve this:

Optimize Patient Journeys

Today's patient journeys often involve multiple appointments for diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring, which can be replicated across different specialisms as patients' needs become more complex with aging. Optimizing care pathways can reduce the environmental impact of treatment. Hospitals can invest in precision diagnosis, minimally invasive therapies, and aftercare. Sustainable practices can be combined with efficient methods of care to improve patient and staff experiences while reducing the carbon footprint.

Virtual Consulting

Virtual consulting and telemedicine have been shown to significantly reduce carbon emissions by cutting down on travel-related to face-to-face appointments. This not only reduces the carbon footprint associated with transportation but also contributes to a more efficient and accessible healthcare system.

Reduce Waste

Hospitals produce large amounts of waste, particularly in operating theatres. Reducing waste and adopting circular practices can significantly decrease the carbon footprint. For example, recycling and reusing materials, implementing centralized supply systems, and using refurbished medical equipment can all contribute to waste reduction.

Sustainable Procurement

Procurement of pharmaceuticals and medical equipment contributes significantly to the carbon footprint of hospitals. By adopting sustainable practices, such as extending the lifetime value of existing systems, using refurbished equipment, and implementing digital solutions, hospitals can reduce their environmental impact. Additionally, when purchasing new equipment, hospitals can prioritize energy-efficient options, reducing their energy consumption and associated emissions.

Staff Travel

Encouraging sustainable transportation methods for staff can also reduce the carbon footprint. Hospitals can promote active transport, such as walking or cycling, by providing secure cycle storage and changing facilities, as well as collaborating with local authorities to improve public transport and car-sharing schemes.

By implementing these reforms, hospitals can significantly reduce their carbon footprint, contributing to both environmental sustainability and improved patient care.

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Encourage staff to use active transport

Hospitals should encourage staff to use active transport, such as walking or cycling, as staff travel contributes significantly to the carbon footprint of healthcare. By implementing certain measures, hospitals can promote a more sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to commuting.

Firstly, hospitals can collaborate with local authorities to identify suitable walking and cycling routes for staff. This can include working together to improve existing routes, as well as developing new ones that are safe, well-lit, and accessible. Additionally, providing secure cycle storage facilities on-site can encourage staff to cycle to work, knowing their bicycles are safely stored during their shift. Hospitals can also offer shower and changing facilities for staff who walk or cycle to work, ensuring they can freshen up before starting their duties.

Another way to encourage active transport is by offering incentives for those who choose to walk or cycle. This can include providing staff with access to discounted or free public transportation on days when active transport is not feasible due to weather conditions or other circumstances. Hospitals can also implement car-sharing schemes, where staff can sign up to share rides with colleagues, reducing the number of cars on the road and fostering a sense of community. For staff who require car transportation, hospitals can incentivize the use of low-carbon vehicles, such as electric or hybrid cars, through reimbursement plans and preferred parking provisions for these environmentally conscious choices.

By encouraging staff to use active transport, hospitals can not only reduce their carbon footprint but also promote a healthier lifestyle for their employees, positively impacting their overall well-being. It is important to note that while encouraging active transportation, hospitals should also ensure that virtual meetings, videoconferencing, and web-enabled meeting facilities are utilized to reduce the need for travel whenever possible.

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Adopt circular practices and ways of working

Hospitals produce large amounts of waste, especially in operating theatres. The disposal of biohazard waste requires high-energy disposal processes, such as incineration. Therefore, hospitals should focus on reducing waste and reusing materials where possible. For example, reusable materials should be prioritised over single-use disposable ones.

Additionally, hospitals can adopt circular practices by extending the lifetime value, capabilities, and usability of their existing systems. For instance, Philips has applied EcoDesign principles and developed a fully sealed magnet that reduces the amount of helium—a gas critical to maintaining long-term MR diagnostic availability—required.

Hospitals can also invest in prevention, precision diagnosis, minimally invasive therapies, and aftercare. Precision diagnosis can involve the use of advanced medical imaging equipment, which can be designed to be more energy efficient. This not only reduces emissions but also addresses rising operational energy costs.

Furthermore, hospitals can improve the sustainability of their energy consumption by adopting renewable energy sources. For example, Massachusetts General Hospital has reduced its energy use by installing solar panels and purchasing more of its power from local wind farms. Cogeneration technology, which produces electricity and usable heat simultaneously, is another method to improve energy sustainability.

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Use low-carbon medical equipment

Hospitals are high-energy-intensity buildings, and medical equipment contributes significantly to their carbon footprint. To reduce this, hospitals can adopt circular practices and work with manufacturers to use medical systems and devices in a more sustainable and low-carbon manner. For example, Philips has applied EcoDesign principles to develop a fully sealed magnet that reduces the amount of helium—a gas critical to maintaining long-term MR diagnostic availability—required by their equipment.

Additionally, hospitals can work with manufacturers to extend the lifetime value, capabilities, and usability of their existing systems, without compromising on quality. This can be achieved through the use of methodologies provided by the EU Green Public Criteria for medical devices, which help purchasers calculate running costs and select the most suitable equipment for their needs.

Another way to reduce the carbon footprint of medical equipment is to invest in precision diagnosis and minimally invasive therapies. This can help reduce the environmental impact of treatment by minimizing the number of appointments and procedures required for diagnosis and treatment.

Furthermore, hospitals can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by using heat exchangers on dialysis machines and adopting centralized dialysate supply or on-site preparation of dialysate to avoid using plastic containers.

By implementing these strategies, hospitals can significantly reduce the carbon footprint of their medical equipment, contributing to both environmental sustainability and improved patient care.

Frequently asked questions

Hospitals can make some simple changes to reduce their carbon footprint, such as encouraging staff to walk, cycle, or use public transport, switching to renewable energy sources like solar power, and installing energy-efficient windows.

Hospitals produce large amounts of waste, especially in operating theatres. To reduce waste, hospitals can adopt circular practices and use materials in a sustainable and low-carbon/carbon-free manner. For example, OSU in the US has started using reusable containers for "sharps" instead of disposable ones, keeping more than 150,000 dispensers out of landfills.

Anaesthetic gases are a major source of greenhouse gas emissions. Hospitals can reduce their carbon footprint by switching to less environmentally damaging anaesthetics, such as sevoflurane instead of desflurane.

Early detection and diagnosis can help lower emissions by reducing the need for more complex, carbon-intensive care later. Effective prevention and ongoing management of long-term conditions can also reduce emissions. For example, people with diabetes who manage their blood sugar levels through glucose-lowering treatment generate fewer emissions than those with untreated diabetes.

Increasing the use of telehealth and digital tools can help reduce emissions from travel. Digital tools for remote monitoring can improve continuity of care and prevent future hospitalisations, thereby reducing emissions.

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