Ethan Rhodes
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about a new awareness of the importance of self-isolation in preventing the spread of infectious diseases. Since the outbreak of the virus, governments and health organisations worldwide have advised individuals to self-isolate if they are experiencing symptoms, have tested positive, or have come into close contact with someone who has tested positive for COVID-19. With specific reference to hospitals, individuals are advised not to visit a hospital or other healthcare setting if they are self-isolating due to COVID-19 symptoms or exposure. This precaution helps prevent the spread of the virus to vulnerable individuals in healthcare settings.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| When to self-isolate | If you have symptoms of COVID-19, have tested positive, or have been in close contact with someone who has tested positive |
| How long to self-isolate | For 10 days after the onset of symptoms or, if asymptomatic when tested, for 10 days after the test |
| What to do during self-isolation | Rest, treat symptoms, maintain physical health, practice good hygiene, and seek financial support if eligible |
| What not to do during self-isolation | Avoid close contact with individuals at higher risk, do not visit hospitals or other healthcare settings, and do not care for others outside your household |
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What You'll Learn
Self-isolation guidelines for COVID-19
As of March 2024, the CDC has stated that people who test positive for COVID-19 no longer need to isolate for five days. People can return to work or regular activities if their symptoms are mild and improving, and it has been at least a day since they had a fever.
Previously, the CDC advised 10 days of isolation, which was cut to five days in late 2021 for asymptomatic people or those with brief illnesses. Isolation could only end if a person had been fever-free for 24 hours without the use of medication and if other symptoms were improving.
In the UK, as of March 2020, the government advised that anyone with a continuous cough or high temperature should self-isolate for seven days. People with a cough or cold symptoms were asked to self-isolate with their entire household for 14 days. The over 70s or anyone vulnerable or living with an underlying illness were asked to be extra careful and stay at home to self-isolate.
Bridgewater State University in the US previously required that all students and employees returning from a country designated by the CDC as Level 2 or 3 should not return to campus for 14 days, even if they were symptom-free. They were asked to stay at home, not attend work, classes, or social gatherings, and monitor their symptoms.
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When to self-isolate
Self-isolation is when you do not leave your home because you have symptoms, have tested positive, or have come into contact with someone who has tested positive for COVID-19. This helps stop the virus from spreading to other people. If you have any symptoms of COVID-19, including a high temperature, a new continuous cough, or a loss or change to your sense of smell or taste, you should self-isolate and get a COVID-19 test. If you are experiencing more severe symptoms, such as trouble breathing or chest pain, you should seek medical care immediately. If you are over 60 and have other chronic medical problems, you should contact your doctor for advice.
If you have tested positive for COVID-19, you will be legally obliged to self-isolate for a period ending 10 days after the onset of symptoms or, if you did not have symptoms when you were tested, 10 days after the date of the test. If you have been asked to self-isolate by a medical professional after a hospital visit, you must continue to do so until your procedure. In some cases, your consultant or care team may advise you to continue to self-isolate after leaving the hospital as a precaution while your immune system is working to help your body recover from the surgery.
If you have been in close contact with someone who has tested positive for COVID-19, you may be notified by the NHS Test and Trace app and will be legally obliged to self-isolate for 10 days. If you live with someone who is self-isolating, you should, if possible, use a separate bathroom and ensure that everyone in the household uses separate towels for drying and hand hygiene. Regular cleaning of the bathroom will be required, and the person self-isolating should use the bathroom last and thoroughly clean it after use.
If you are self-isolating, you should not share utensils and should clean your own utensils and keep them separate. All contaminated items or rubbish should be disposed of in a plastic bag by the person self-isolating, who should wear a mask and face shield while handling these items and sanitize their hands afterward. You should not have visitors in your home, including friends and family, except for people providing essential care. You should not go out to get food and medicine—instead, you should order it online or by phone, or ask someone to bring it to your home.
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How to self-isolate
Self-isolation can be a complex behaviour with roots in psychology. It can be a conscious choice, for instance, to work on oneself, exercise, meditate, or simply enjoy some quiet. However, it can also be involuntary, stemming from psychological, social, or personal reasons. If you are choosing to self-isolate to protect others from yourself, it is important to consider the impact this may have on your own health.
If you are self-isolating due to a visit to the hospital, it is important to follow the guidelines set out by health officials and the NHS. As of March 2020, the advice was that anyone with a continuous cough or high temperature should self-isolate for seven days, with their entire household for 14 days. The over 70s, vulnerable, or those living with an underlying illness were advised to be extra cautious and self-isolate.
- Wash your hands with soap and water thoroughly and frequently.
- Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your sleeve when you cough or sneeze. Dispose of used tissues immediately.
- Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth unless your hands are clean.
- Avoid close contact with people who are unwell.
- Avoid unnecessary travel and work from home if possible.
- If you have a garden, it is beneficial to spend time there.
If you are feeling lonely or struggling with your mental health during self-isolation, it may be helpful to connect with others virtually, whether that be through social media, online communities, or video calls. It can also be beneficial to focus on personal growth, creativity, or relaxation during this time.
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Support during self-isolation
Self-isolation can be a challenging experience, and ensuring that you have the necessary support in place is essential. Here are some ways to seek support during self-isolation:
Practical Support
If you are self-isolating, it is important to ensure you can access essential supplies and services. This may include asking friends, family, or neighbours for help with tasks such as grocery shopping or collecting medications. In some cases, local authorities or community organisations may also offer support services, such as delivering groceries or providing financial assistance through grants.
Emotional and Mental Health Support
Self-isolation can take a toll on your emotional and mental well-being. It is crucial to prioritise self-care and practice self-compassion during this time. Consider reaching out to your support network, whether it's family, friends, or a support group, to share your feelings and seek comfort. Additionally, many organisations offer mental health resources, including guidance on stress, anxiety, and sleep issues. Counselling services, both online and in-person, can also provide valuable support in managing any psychological difficulties that may arise.
Managing Relationship and Family Dynamics
Being in close quarters with family or roommates during self-isolation can lead to increased tensions and conflicts. It is important to acknowledge and address these issues early on. Open and honest communication is key—recognise that each person has their own perspective and challenges. Create opportunities for regular time apart, even within the home, to allow everyone some personal space and time to self-regulate. If needed, consider seeking couple or family counselling to help navigate these dynamics and find peaceful resolutions.
Medical Support
If you are self-isolating due to potential coronavirus symptoms, it is important to follow government guidelines and seek medical advice from the NHS or your local health service. They can provide guidance on testing, treatment, and any other necessary steps to protect your health and the health of those around you.
Remember, self-isolation can be a challenging experience, but by seeking support and taking care of yourself and others, you can get through it together.
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When to seek medical help
It is important to know when to seek medical help, especially after being discharged from the hospital. Here are some guidelines to follow:
Physical Health
- If your problem is life-threatening or risking disability, call 911 or your local emergency number, or go to a hospital emergency room immediately.
- For non-life-threatening issues, consider visiting an urgent care clinic or your regular medical provider. Urgent care clinics treat mild illnesses (colds, flu, sore throat, etc.), minor injuries (sprains, minor cuts, minor broken bones, etc.), and limited rashes.
- If you are experiencing symptoms of an infectious illness, such as a cough or cold, diarrhoea, vomiting, or COVID-19 symptoms (dry cough, high temperature, shortness of breath), follow the advice of your local health authorities regarding self-isolation and contact your medical provider for further instructions.
Mental Health
- If you are experiencing a mental health crisis, feeling out of control, or having thoughts of suicide or self-harm, seek immediate help. You can call a crisis hotline or text a crisis text line. Checking into a mental health hospital or facility can provide you with the support and care you need.
- If you are experiencing mild mental health symptoms, such as irritability or restlessness, consider seeking professional help from a psychiatrist or therapist. They can help you address your symptoms and improve your overall functioning.
- If you are discharged from a mental health hospital, ensure you have the necessary support and alternative living arrangements, if needed, to maintain your daily activities and overall functioning.
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Frequently asked questions
It depends on the reason for your visit. If you are experiencing COVID-19 symptoms, you should self-isolate and rest. If you are undergoing a procedure, your consultant or care team may advise you to self-isolate after leaving the hospital as a precaution.
If you have any COVID-19 symptoms, such as a high temperature, a new continuous cough, or a loss or change to your sense of smell or taste, you should self-isolate.
If you have been notified by the NHS Test and Trace app, you must self-isolate for 10 days.
If you have been in contact with someone who has tested positive for COVID-19, you must self-isolate for 10 days.
You must complete a COVID-19 checklist before every visit to the hospital. This includes self-isolating if advised to do so, wearing a face covering, avoiding public transport, and using hand sanitiser or washing your hands upon arrival.
