Jordan Ellis
A resident in a US hospital is a medical school graduate who is in the process of completing their clinical training. They are licensed doctors who are working towards obtaining an unrestricted license to practice medicine independently. Residents are placed in US residency programs through the National Residency Matching Program (NRMP), which uses a computerized system to match applicants with residency programs. The duration of these programs varies between three and seven years, depending on the specialty. During this time, residents work under the supervision of experienced professionals in their chosen field, providing direct care to patients, diagnosing illnesses, and administering treatment.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Definition | Residency or postgraduate training is a stage of graduate medical education. |
| Residency Period | Residency programs can last between three to seven years. |
| Residency Fields | Residents can choose from 40 base specialties and 49 subspecialties. |
| Residency Requirements | Candidates must be graduates from approved medical programs and licensed medical doctors. |
| Application Process | Applications are sent to the Royal College overseeing their desired specialty. |
| Selection Process | The National Residency Matching Program (NRMP) uses a computerized system to match applicants with residency programs. |
| Salary | First-year residents earn around $60,000 per year, with salaries increasing each year. |
| Benefits | Residents receive additional benefits alongside their salary. |
| Working Hours | Residency programs include 80-hour work weeks and 24-hour on-call shifts. |
| Vacation Time | Residents get between two to four weeks of vacation time per year. |
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What You'll Learn
Residency programs
In the United States, residency programs are highly competitive, with low acceptance rates, and applicants are often medical school graduates seeking to enhance their skills and knowledge in a specific medical field. These programs usually span three to seven years, depending on the specialty, and residents are classified by their residency year (R1, R2, R3, etc.). During this time, residents collaborate with experienced professionals, provide patient care, and refine their abilities in diagnosis and treatment.
The National Residency Matching Program (NRMP) is the primary mechanism for placing applicants into residency programs in the US. It utilizes a computerized system to match applicants with suitable programs based on their preferences and interviews. Match Day, typically in March, is when students learn if they have been matched with a residency program, usually one of their top three choices.
The application process for residency programs is similar to job applications, requiring a cover letter and curriculum vitae. Hospitals and medical centers advertise these positions, and the recruitment process can occur once or twice a year, depending on the institution's size. While there is no centralized selection process, certain specialties may have separate matching programs, such as urology and ophthalmology.
The duration of residency programs varies across different countries. For instance, in Thailand and Australia, residency programs generally span three to four years, while certain specialties may require up to five or six years of training. After completing their residency, doctors can pursue various career paths, including private practice, group practice, or employment in clinics or hospitals.
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Resident salary
A medical residency is a graduate medical education program (GME) in which doctors-in-training can practice medicine alongside senior physicians in a clinic or hospital. This is also the time for graduates to choose a specialty and a corresponding residency program. Residencies typically take three to seven years to complete.
The average salary for first-year medical residents is $58,921 per year, according to the AAMC's 2020 Survey of Resident/Fellow Stipends and Benefits. However, reports listing average residency salaries vary depending on the data source and the number of respondents. For example, a 2020 Medscape survey of 1,600 medical residents reported the average salary as $63,400. The national average medical resident salary is $63,009 annually, according to the Residents Salary and Debt Report. The average salary for Year 8 residents is $77,543, representing a 32% increase over 8 years, with an average yearly salary increase of 3%.
The US residency salary is influenced by location and the type of institution. Residents in underserved areas can earn more, while those in major cities where skilled physicians are abundant may earn less. Urban areas with higher living costs tend to offer slightly higher salaries, while rural programs may have lower salaries but more affordable living conditions. The Northeast has the highest average PGY1 salary at $53,565, while the South has the lowest at $55,862.
The highest-paid residencies in the US are in Plastic Surgery, Specialized Surgery, and Pathology. The lowest-paid residencies are in Family Medicine, Emergency Medicine, and Internal Medicine. Residents are paid standardized salaries based on the institution where they work, regardless of specialty. Longer, more complex specialties tend to offer better salaries and better pay post-residency.
While residents usually cannot negotiate salary increases, they can advocate for additional benefits. Hospitals provide benefits such as subsidized housing, meal plans, and free medical insurance, which can help offset financial challenges.
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Resident duties
Residency or postgraduate training is a stage of graduate medical education. A resident doctor is a medical school graduate and doctor in training who is taking part in a graduate medical education (GME) program. Residents work in hospital departments such as intensive care units, emergency departments, operating rooms, and general patient wards. They also work in ambulatory care.
The National Residency Matching Program (NRMP) is the main way that medical residents are placed in programs in the United States. The NRMP uses a computerized system to match applicants with residency programs. The duration of residencies can range from two to seven years, depending on the program and specialty. Residents are supervised by attending physicians. They work with patients assigned to their supervising doctors and provide direct care, including diagnosing, managing, and treating health conditions.
In the United States, first-year residents (also called interns) typically make around $56,126 per year. Salaries increase each year of residency, with fourth-year residents making an average of $63,014 per year. Residents can expect to have between two and four weeks of vacation time per year. Residency programs traditionally require lengthy hours of their trainees. Residents may work 80-hour work weeks and 24-hour on-call shifts. After completing their residency program, doctors can apply for an unrestricted medical license.
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Resident hierarchy
Residency or postgraduate training is a stage of graduate medical education. It refers to a qualified physician who practices medicine or surgery, usually in a hospital or clinic, under the supervision of a senior medical clinician registered in that specialty. The term 'resident' is derived from the resident physicians of the 19th century who resided at the dormitories of the hospital where they received training.
The basic hierarchy of residents working and training in most hospitals is as follows:
Chief Residents
The chief resident is in charge of directing the activities of all the other residents at the hospital. Chiefs act as the immediate superiors of the lower-level residents. To become a chief, one must have already completed three years of residency.
Senior Residents
Senior residents have more experience and are in a position to supervise interns or first-year residents. They have more independence in their practice and are responsible for the work of those below them in the hierarchy.
First-Year Residents or Interns
First-year residents are also called interns. They have recently graduated from medical school and started their residency. Although interns have medical degrees and are referred to as doctors, they are not licensed to practice medicine without supervision. They can take patient histories, perform examinations, and meet with family members under the supervision of senior residents or senior MDs.
Medical Students
Medical students are not doctors yet and are still studying to become doctors. They follow the cases of various hospitalized patients, perform hospital rotations, and have some authority, although very little. They may take a patient's medical history, review it, and write orders in patients' charts.
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Resident matching
Residency or postgraduate training is a stage of graduate medical education. It refers to a qualified physician who practices medicine or surgery, usually in a hospital or clinic, under the supervision of a senior clinician. In the United States, residency programs last between three and seven years, after which residents are eligible to take their medical licensing exams.
The National Resident Matching Program (NRMP), also called The Match, is a United States-based non-profit organisation that places US medical school students into residency training programs in US teaching hospitals. NRMP International provides similar services outside the US and Canada. The NRMP uses a mathematical algorithm to match applicants with residency programs. The NRMP match is used for most residency programs, but there are exceptions, such as separate matching programs for urology and ophthalmology residents.
The application process for residency training begins with applications sent through the Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS). Residency programs review applications and invite selected candidates for interviews. After the interviews, both the applicants and the residency directors submit their preferred choices in order of preference to the NRMP. Both parties will find out if they have been matched around March, during the students' final semester, known as Match Day.
The acceptance rate into residencies is very low (1-5% in public university programs), and physician-resident positions are often unpaid, with tuition fees reaching over $10,000 per year in private universities. In addition, residency programs typically include strenuous working hours, with 80-hour work weeks and 24-hour on-call shifts.
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Frequently asked questions
A resident in a US hospital is a doctor who has completed medical school and is in the process of completing their clinical training. They are supervised by attending physicians.
Residency programs can last anywhere from three to seven years, depending on the specialty. For example, a family doctor residency can last three to four years, whereas a surgeon residency can last seven or more years.
In the United States, first-year residents (interns) typically make around $56,126 per year. Salaries increase each year, with fourth-year residents earning an average of $63,014. These numbers vary depending on the hospital, state, and specialty.
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