Boosting Oxygen Levels: Hospital Treatment Options

Low blood oxygen levels, known as hypoxemia, can be life-threatening and require immediate medical attention. The condition can be caused by a variety of factors, including underlying lung conditions such as COPD, asthma, and pneumonia, as well as blood disorders, circulation problems, and respiratory infections. Symptoms include confusion, shortness of breath, rapid heart rate, and bluish skin. To diagnose hypoxemia, doctors use tests such as pulse oximetry, arterial blood gas (ABG) tests, and chest x-rays. Treatment for low oxygen levels in hospitals typically involves oxygen therapy, where supplemental oxygen is administered through a mask or nasal cannula. In addition, the underlying cause of hypoxemia is addressed, which may include medications, steroids, inhalers, or lifestyle changes.

Oxygen therapy

There are several devices available for delivering oxygen therapy, including oxygen masks and small tubes (cannulas) that can be clipped to the nose. These devices provide supplemental oxygen to help increase the amount of oxygen circulating in the blood. In some cases, oxygen therapy may be used in conjunction with other treatments, such as steroids or rescue inhalers, to manage the underlying condition causing the low oxygen levels.

Pulse oximetry is a non-invasive method used to measure blood oxygen saturation levels. It involves attaching a small clip to a finger, earlobe, or toe, and uses light absorption to measure oxygen levels in the blood. While pulse oximetry is a quick and easy way to monitor blood oxygen levels, it may not always be accurate. A more accurate method is the arterial blood gas (ABG) test, which involves taking a blood sample from an artery, usually in the wrist, arm, or groin.

In addition to oxygen therapy, lifestyle changes such as dietary adjustments and exercise can also help improve blood oxygen levels. For people with chronic lung diseases or conditions such as COVID-19, regular blood oxygen monitoring is important to ensure that treatment is effective and to prevent complications from low oxygen levels.

Pulse oximetry

If a patient's oxygen saturation level, as measured by pulse oximetry, is in the normal range of 95 to 100% for adults, additional intervention may not be necessary. However, if the oxygen saturation level drops below 90%, it is considered a medical emergency, and the patient may require supplemental oxygen and immediate medical attention. In a hospital setting, physicians often order supplemental oxygen if the patient's oxygen saturation level is less than 90%. Healthcare providers will also work to detect and address the underlying cause of the low oxygen levels.

Arterial blood gas test

An arterial blood gas (ABG) test is a procedure that measures the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood. It also checks the acidity of the blood, known as the acid-base balance or pH level. This test is often used to diagnose and monitor respiratory disorders, kidney disease, or other conditions that impact acid-base balance.

During the ABG test, a healthcare provider will draw blood from an artery, typically located in the wrist, arm, or groin area. Arterial blood is preferred over venous blood because it provides a more accurate representation of oxygen levels in the body. The procedure involves inserting a needle into the chosen artery to collect the blood sample, which can be slightly uncomfortable and may cause minor side effects like bleeding, bruising, or soreness.

The ABG test results provide valuable insights into the body's oxygenation status and respiratory function. The oxygen saturation (O2Sat) measurement indicates how much oxygen is carried by red blood cells, while the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) reflects the pressure of oxygen dissolved in the blood. These measurements help evaluate how efficiently oxygen is being transferred from the lungs into the bloodstream.

Additionally, the ABG test assesses the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) in the blood. Carbon dioxide is an acidic waste product, and its measurement indicates how effectively the lungs are removing it from the body. Abnormal levels of carbon dioxide can disrupt the acid-base balance, leading to serious health consequences if left untreated.

The ABG test is often accompanied by other diagnostic procedures, such as electrolyte level assessments and glucose measurements. These additional tests provide a more comprehensive understanding of an individual's health and can aid in the diagnosis and management of various conditions, particularly those affecting the lungs, kidneys, and heart.

Treat underlying conditions

Treating underlying conditions is a crucial aspect of managing low oxygen levels in hospitals. Low blood oxygen, or hypoxemia, can be caused by various underlying conditions, and addressing these conditions is essential for restoring normal oxygen levels and preventing further complications.

One common underlying condition that can lead to hypoxemia is respiratory infections, such as the common cold, influenza, or COVID-19. These infections affect an individual's ability to breathe effectively, resulting in reduced oxygen intake. Treating respiratory infections may involve medications, such as antibiotics or antivirals, and supportive care to help manage symptoms and improve oxygen levels.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is another underlying condition frequently associated with hypoxemia. COPD is a chronic lung disease that obstructs airflow and impairs gas exchange in the lungs. Managing COPD may include the use of bronchodilators or steroids to open the airways, pulmonary rehabilitation to improve lung function, and oxygen therapy to supplement oxygen levels.

Asthma is also a common cause of low oxygen levels. During an asthma attack, the airways become narrowed, making it difficult for oxygen to reach the blood. Treatment for asthma typically involves the use of rescue inhalers, which contain bronchodilators to quickly open the airways and improve oxygen intake. Preventative inhalers may also be prescribed to help control asthma symptoms over the long term.

In some cases, low oxygen levels may be related to circulatory conditions, such as heart disease or arrhythmias. These conditions can impair blood flow, reducing the delivery of oxygen to the tissues. Treatment for circulatory conditions may include medications such as beta-blockers or prescription drugs to regulate heart rhythm and improve oxygen saturation.

Additionally, anemia, a condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells, can lead to low oxygen levels. Red blood cells are responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body, so a lack of healthy red blood cells can result in insufficient oxygen delivery. Treating anemia may involve addressing the underlying cause, such as iron deficiency, and may sometimes require blood transfusions or other medical interventions.

Lifestyle changes

Dietary Changes

Adjusting your diet can help improve your oxygen saturation levels. A healthy diet can ensure your body has the necessary nutrients to function optimally and support your lungs and heart. Certain foods can also help reduce inflammation in the body, which may be beneficial for lung conditions.

Exercise

Making time for physical activity can help improve your lung function and overall health. Regular exercise can also help improve circulation, ensuring efficient oxygen delivery throughout the body. However, it is important to consult with your healthcare provider about the appropriate type and intensity of exercise, especially if you have a lung or heart condition.

Quit Smoking

If you smoke, quitting can significantly improve your lung function. Smoking damages the alveoli, the tiny air sacs in your lungs responsible for gas exchange. By quitting, you can help your lungs heal and improve their ability to bring oxygen into your bloodstream.

Breathing Exercises

Breathing exercises, such as deep breathing, can help improve your lung capacity and ensure you are getting enough oxygen. These exercises can be especially beneficial if you have a lung condition that affects your breathing. They can help strengthen your diaphragm and improve the efficiency of gas exchange in your lungs.

Avoid Environmental Triggers

If you have a lung condition, it is essential to identify and avoid triggers that may worsen your symptoms. For example, if you have asthma, knowing your triggers, such as allergens or irritants, can help you manage your condition effectively. Avoiding these triggers can reduce the frequency and severity of asthma attacks, improving your oxygen levels.

It is important to consult with your healthcare provider before making any significant lifestyle changes, especially if you have an underlying condition. They can guide you in making safe and effective adjustments to improve your oxygen levels and overall health.

Frequently asked questions