Jordan Ellis
Mr. Kraler, whose real name was Victor Kugler, was hospitalised due to ulcer disease, which worsened due to the stress and strain of the ongoing war. He played a crucial role in helping Anne Frank and her family hide from the Nazis during the occupation of the Netherlands. After the Franks and others were discovered and arrested, Mr. Kraler was also arrested and sent to a forced-labor camp. He managed to escape during an Allied plane strafing and eventually made his way to Canada, where he lived until his death in 1981.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Name | Victor Kugler |
| Pseudonym | Mr. Kraler |
| Birth Date | 5 June 1900 |
| Death Date | 14 December 1981 |
| Birth Place | Hohenelbe (now Vrchlabí), Austria-Hungary (now in the Czech Republic) |
| Death Place | Etobicoke General Hospital in Toronto |
| Occupation | Business associate of Mr. Frank |
| Role in Hiding Anne Frank | Helped to manage logistics, obtain supplies, and provide moral and psychological support |
| Health Issues | Ulcer disease |
| Imprisonment | Imprisoned and sent to a camp near Amersfort, then to a forced-labor camp in Zwolle |
| Escape | Escaped from the Zwolle camp in March 1945 during an Allied plane attack |
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What You'll Learn
Mr. Kraler suffered from ulcer disease
Mr. Kraler, whose real name was Victor Kugler, suffered from ulcer disease. This condition worsened over time and severely impacted his mobility. Ulcers are sores that develop in the lining of the stomach or small intestine, and the stress and strain of the ongoing war likely contributed to the deterioration of his health.
Kugler played a crucial role in helping to hide Anne Frank and her family during the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands. He was one of the few people managing the logistics of keeping the Frank family and others safe. Kugler's role was challenging, as he had to obtain supplies, keep their presence a secret, and provide moral and psychological support. The responsibility he carried took a toll on his well-being, as noted by Anne Frank in her diary:
> "Kugler [bore] the enormous responsibility for the 8 of us, which is sometimes so much for him that he can hardly speak from pent-up nerves and strain."
After the war, Otto Frank, Anne's father, also acknowledged the weight of the situation on Kugler, who lived under constant pressure, unable to share his concerns with his wife, who was unaware of their efforts to hide the Jewish families.
Mr. Kraler's ulcer disease prevented him from continuing to provide direct assistance to those in hiding. His absence left the group facing increased uncertainty and logistical challenges as they navigated survival in their cramped and dangerous situation.
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He was one of the people who helped hide Anne Frank
Victor Kugler, also known as Mr. Kraler in Anne Frank's diary, was one of the people who helped hide Anne Frank and her family during the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands. Mr. Kraler was a business associate of Anne's father, Otto Frank, whom he met in Amsterdam in 1933. When Jews were banned from owning businesses, Mr. Kraler took over those run by Mr. Frank and another business associate, Mr. Van Daan, despite the risk involved.
Mr. Kraler played a crucial role in helping the Frank family prepare the "Secret Annexe" as a hiding place. He was responsible for obtaining supplies, keeping the group's presence a secret, and providing moral and psychological support. In her diary, Anne Frank acknowledged the weight of responsibility Mr. Kraler carried and the strain it caused him.
On August 4, 1944, Dutch police officers raided the building where the Frank family was hiding. Mr. Kraler was arrested and taken to Gestapo headquarters for questioning. He was first sent to a camp near Amersfort in Holland and later transferred to a forced-labor camp in Zwolle. In March 1945, Mr. Kraler managed to escape while being marched with other prisoners towards Nazi Germany. After the war, he moved to Canada.
Mr. Kraler's actions were courageous and selfless, and his assistance was vital to the Frank family's survival during their time in hiding. His role in this dark chapter of history sheds light on the power of human compassion and the resilience of the human spirit.
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He was arrested and sent to a camp near Amersfort
Mr. Kraler, whose real name was Victor Kugler, was arrested and sent to a camp near Amersfort because he helped hide Anne Frank and her family and friends during the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands. In Anne Frank's diary, Het Achterhuis, or The Diary of a Young Girl in English, Victor Kugler was referred to by the pseudonym Mr. Kraler.
On August 4, 1944, Dutch police officers led by SS-Hauptscharführer Karl Josef Silberbauer raided the building where the Frank family was hiding. Victor was forced by the police to push aside the bookcase that hid the door leading to the "Secret Annexe." He was the first one to ascend the steps, with a pistol held against his back. Mr. Kraler, like Mr. Koophuis, did not attempt to defend himself and remained silent during the interrogation.
After being taken to Gestapo headquarters for questioning, Mr. Kraler was sent to a camp near Amersfort in Holland. From there, he was transferred to a forced-labor camp in Zwolle. In March 1945, the inmates of the Zwolle camp were supposed to be transferred to Germany. During the march, the column was attacked by Allied planes, and Mr. Kraler managed to escape along with another man. He eventually made his way to Hilversum, where his relatives lived, and after the war, he moved to Canada.
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Mr. Kraler escaped the camp and hid with a farmer
Mr. Kraler, whose real name was Victor Kugler, was one of the people who helped hide Anne Frank and her family during the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands. In 1944, he was arrested by Dutch police officers and sent to a camp near Amersfort in Holland. From there, he was transferred to a forced-labor camp in Zwolle.
In March 1945, the inmates of the Zwolle camp were being marched to Germany under guard when the column was attacked by Allied planes. In the ensuing chaos, Mr. Kraler and another man managed to escape and hide in the underbrush. After the firing stopped, they slipped into a nearby house.
Mr. Kraler spent a few days wandering and was helped by strangers before he returned home to his wife. Knowing that the Germans might come for him, he prepared a hiding place in his house. However, instead of staying there, he ventured out and hid with a farmer for two days. Traveling by night over back roads, he then made his way to Hilversum, where his relatives lived.
After the war, Mr. Kraler moved to Canada, where he lived until his death in 1981.
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He moved to Canada after the war
Mr. Kraler, whose real name was Victor Kugler, was born in Hohenelbe (now Vrchlabí) in the German-speaking part of the Königgrätz region (Královéhradecký kraj/Hradec Králové Region), north-eastern Bohemia, Austria-Hungary (now in the Czech Republic). He was one of the people who helped hide Anne Frank and her family during the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands.
After Mr. Van Daan's withdrawal from his firm, Mr. Kraler took over the management of dealings between Travis, Inc. and the affiliated firm of Kohlen and Co. He was a business associate of Mr. Frank, whom he met in Amsterdam in 1933. When Jews were no longer allowed to own business enterprises, Mr. Kraler took over those run by Mr. Frank and Mr. Van Daan. This came with a certain amount of risk, as these businesses were liable to be confiscated for having been formerly owned by Jews. Mr. Kraler helped the Franks prepare the "Secret Annexe" as a hiding place and was instrumental in obtaining supplies, keeping them secret, and providing moral and psychological support.
On August 4, 1944, Dutch police officers raided the building where the Frank family was hiding. Victor was arrested and sent to prison before being transferred to Amersfoort camp. He was then sent to a forced-labor camp in Zwolle. In March 1945, the inmates of the Zwolle camp were supposed to be removed to Germany. Four hundred men were marched under guard along the highway from Arnhem to Zevenaar. During the march, the column was strafed by planes, and in the confusion, Kraler and another man managed to escape.
After the war, Mr. Kraler moved to Canada. He died at Etobicoke General Hospital in Toronto on December 14, 1981, and was buried at Sanctuary Park Cemetery in Etobicoke.
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