Logan Reid
Indonesia has a total of 2,813 hospitals as of 2019, with 63.5% of them being run by private organisations. The number of hospitals and clinics in the country is growing, with the government encouraging private sector involvement in developing hospitals. This reflects the need for sophisticated medical equipment for high-quality healthcare services. As of January 2019, Siloam operates 36 state-of-the-art hospitals across the nation, with the number expected to grow to 50 by the end of 2020.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Total number of hospitals | 2,813 |
| Number of hospitals run by private organisations | 1,787 (63.5%) |
| Number of hospitals managed by the public sector | 1,026 |
| Total number of hospital beds | 310,710 |
| Number of hospital beds per thousand population | 1.17 |
| Number of physicians per 1,000 people | 0.2 |
| Number of nurses and midwives per 1,000 people | 1.2 |
| Number of hospitals accredited by Joint Commission International (JCI) | 20 |
| Number of government-financed Puskesmas (Health Community Centres) | 9,718 |
| Percentage of the population with health insurance | 83% |
| Number of hospitals in East Java | 381 |
| Number of state-of-the-art hospitals operated by Siloam | 36 |
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What You'll Learn
- Indonesia had 2,813 hospitals in 2019, 63.5% of which were privately run
- In 2012, there were 2,454 hospitals, with 0.9 beds per 1,000 inhabitants
- East Java had 381 hospitals in 2018
- Siloam Hospitals, part of Lippo Group, ran 36 state-of-the-art hospitals in 2019
- Indonesia's health centres (puskesmas) are financed by the government
Indonesia had 2,813 hospitals in 2019, 63.5% of which were privately run
The country's healthcare system is a mix of public and private providers. While public health facilities are intended to generate revenue for local governments, they often lack the necessary resources to manage themselves profitably. As a result, they rely heavily on user fees and private sector partnerships to finance their operations. This has led to a growth in the number of private sector health institutions, with private organisations running 63.5% of hospitals as of 2019.
Private hospitals in Indonesia have an advantage in negotiating prices due to their access to the e-catalog, which has led to concerns about the impact on procurement processes and costs. Additionally, private hospitals have been criticised for prioritising profits over the needs of patients, particularly in rural areas. Despite these concerns, the Indonesian government continues to encourage private sector involvement in developing hospitals, recognising the need for sophisticated medical equipment and infrastructure to provide high-quality healthcare services.
Indonesia's healthcare system faces several challenges, including underfinancing, a shortage of primary care providers and hospitals, and limited access to healthcare in remote areas. To address these issues, the government has implemented initiatives such as the SATUSEHAT platform, which integrates healthcare data across hospitals and clinics to improve coordination and resource allocation. Additionally, the Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) scheme, launched in 2014, aims to provide universal health care coverage for all Indonesians. As of 2020, an estimated 83% of the population was covered by the scheme.
Mental health care in Indonesia also faces significant challenges, with only four articles in the current health law addressing mental health issues. Stigma surrounding mental illness persists, and there are concerns about the applicability and implementation of existing laws. Indonesia has a high prevalence of neuropsychiatric disorders, with 11% of the population suffering from mental disorders. The country has experienced H5N1 outbreaks and was severely impacted by the 2004 tsunami, both of which have had significant impacts on the mental health of its citizens.
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In 2012, there were 2,454 hospitals, with 0.9 beds per 1,000 inhabitants
Indonesia has seen a steady increase in the number of hospitals over the years. As per the data from the Ministry of Health of Indonesia, there were 2,454 hospitals in the country in 2012, with a total of 305,242 beds, which is approximately 0.9 beds per 1,000 inhabitants. This figure of 0.9 beds per 1,000 people highlights a potential shortage of hospital beds available to the population.
The number of hospitals in Indonesia has continued to grow, with 2,813 hospitals reported in 2019. This increase in hospital numbers indicates a focused effort to improve healthcare infrastructure and address the needs of the population. Out of these 2,813 hospitals, 63.5% were run by private organisations, with 1,787 privately managed hospitals and 1,026 managed by the public sector.
The distribution of hospitals in Indonesia varies across its regions. For example, in 2018, East Java had 381 hospitals, showcasing a concentrated presence of healthcare facilities in certain areas.
The Indonesian healthcare system has faced challenges, including underfinancing and a lack of healthcare providers and hospitals in certain areas. To address these issues, the government has implemented initiatives such as the SATUSEHAT platform, a digital health initiative, to enhance healthcare access and improve the coordination of resources across hospitals and clinics.
Furthermore, the government has encouraged private sector involvement in developing hospitals, leading to an increase in private healthcare institutions. This shift towards private healthcare is also reflected in the insurance system, with private insurance being available to those who can afford it, while basic public coverage is provided for the impoverished.
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East Java had 381 hospitals in 2018
As of 2019, there were 2,813 hospitals in Indonesia, with 63.5% of them being run by private organisations. Most of the hospitals are located in urban areas.
In 2018, there were 381 hospitals in East Java. This number is an average of 206,000 units from December 2006 to 2018, with 13 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 294,000 units in 2017 and a record low of 133,000 units in 2007. The number of hospitals in East Java in 2018 is part of the Indonesia Number of Hospitals data, which is updated yearly and reported by the Ministry of Health.
The number of hospitals in East Java in 2018 is notable as it represents a slight decrease from the previous year. In 2017, the number of hospitals in the region was reported to be 294,000 units. This decrease could be due to various factors such as hospital closures, mergers, or changes in healthcare policies.
It is important to consider the broader context of healthcare in Indonesia when examining the number of hospitals in East Java in 2018. The country has traditionally had a fragmented healthcare system, with a mix of private insurance, basic public coverage, and specialised services provided by NGOs. Initiatives such as the SATUSEHAT platform, a digital health initiative, have been implemented to enhance healthcare access, efficiency, and the quality of services nationwide.
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Siloam Hospitals, part of Lippo Group, ran 36 state-of-the-art hospitals in 2019
As of 2019, there were 2,813 hospitals in Indonesia, with 63.5% of these being run by private organisations. Back in 2012, there were 2,454 hospitals in the country, with a total of 305,242 beds, which equates to 0.9 beds per 1,000 inhabitants. Most hospitals are in urban areas.
Siloam Hospitals, part of the Lippo Group, is Indonesia's largest healthcare group. It was founded in 2008 and, as of 2024, operates 41 hospitals and 30 clinics across 23 provinces of Indonesia. However, one source from 2017 states that Siloam Hospitals operates 24 hospitals across the Indonesian archipelago. It is possible that this number increased to 36 by 2019. Siloam Hospitals offer a comprehensive range of specialised medical services, including surgical procedures, laboratory services, radiology and imaging facilities, diagnostic and emergency services. The hospitals are known for their state-of-the-art facilities, with Siloam Hospitals Lippo Village, Siloam Hospitals Bali, and Siloam Hospitals Bangka all achieving Gold Status.
Siloam Hospitals was established on 3 August 1996 as Siloam Gleneagles Hospital, a collaboration between Lippo Group and Gleneagles Hospital. The first Siloam Gleneagles Hospital was built in Lippo Village and Lippo Cikarang. Today, Siloam Hospitals is one of the largest hospital chains in Indonesia and includes the country's single largest hospital facility and the region's centres of excellence in oncology and neurosurgery.
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Indonesia's health centres (puskesmas) are financed by the government
Indonesia's healthcare system is organised into three tiers, with Community Health Centres (Puskesmas) at the top, followed by Health Sub-Centres at the second level, and Village-Level Integrated Posts at the third level.
Puskesmas are public health facilities that are meant to be revenue sources for local governments. They are financed by the central government, which provides subsidies for salaries and operational costs. However, they are also required to adopt the self-supporting (swadana) principle, which means relying on user fees to finance the non-salary costs of medical care. This has led to a growth in the number of private-sector health institutions, with two-thirds of the financing and more than half of the services now in private hands.
Puskesmas have been a critical component of Indonesia's healthcare system for the past fifty years, providing primary healthcare to citizens. They have adapted and responded to emerging health challenges, such as chronic diseases and the re-emergence of infectious diseases, by expanding their scope of coverage.
The Indonesian government has demonstrated its commitment to improving healthcare access and infrastructure, particularly in remote areas. In 2014, the government launched Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN), a scheme to implement universal healthcare. Under JKN, all Indonesians receive coverage for a range of treatments from public and participating private providers.
As of 2019, there were 2,813 hospitals in Indonesia, with 63.5% run by private organisations. In addition, there were 9,718 government-financed Puskesmas listed by the Ministry of Health, providing comprehensive healthcare and vaccinations for the population.
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Frequently asked questions
As of 2019, there are 2,813 hospitals in Indonesia, 63.5% of which are run by private organisations.
There are 1,026 hospitals managed by the public sector in Indonesia.
There are 1,787 privately managed hospitals in Indonesia.
